1. Install the PostgreSQL 14 Packages
# yum install postgresql14-server.x86_64 postgresql14.x86_64 postgresql14-contrib.x86_64
2. Initialize PostgreSQL 14 database
# /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb
3. Start PostgreSQL 13 database (required for pre-upgrade check)
$ /usr/pgsql-13/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/ start
4. Run pre-upgrade check:
/usr/pgsql-14/bin/pg_upgrade \
--old-bindir=/usr/pgsql-13/bin \
--new-bindir=/usr/pgsql-14/bin \
--old-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/13/data \
--new-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/14/data \
--user=postgres \
--check
"--check" means check clusters only, don't change any data, additional parameter "--verbose' useful for troubleshoting.
[postgres@ol8 ~]$ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/pg_upgrade \
> --old-bindir=/usr/pgsql-13/bin \
> --new-bindir=/usr/pgsql-14/bin \
> --old-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/13/data \
> --new-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/14/data \
> --user=postgres \
> --check
Performing Consistency Checks on Old Live Server
------------------------------------------------
Checking cluster versions ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking database connection settings ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for system-defined composite types in user tables ok
Checking for reg* data types in user tables ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok
Checking for user-defined encoding conversions ok
Checking for user-defined postfix operators ok
Checking for presence of required libraries ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for new cluster tablespace directories ok
*Clusters are compatible*
5. Shutdown original PostgreSQL 13
$ /usr/pgsql-13/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/ stop
6. Run the actual upgrade
/usr/pgsql-14/bin/pg_upgrade \
--old-bindir=/usr/pgsql-13/bin \
--new-bindir=/usr/pgsql-14/bin \
--old-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/13/data \
--new-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/14/data \
--user=postgres
Additional useful parameters are:
-j, --jobs=NUM number of simultaneous processes or threads to use
-k, --link link instead of copying files to new cluster
[postgres@ol8 ~]$ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/pg_upgrade \
> --old-bindir=/usr/pgsql-13/bin \
> --new-bindir=/usr/pgsql-14/bin \
> --old-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/13/data \
> --new-datadir=/var/lib/pgsql/14/data \
> --user=postgres
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking database connection settings ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for system-defined composite types in user tables ok
Checking for reg* data types in user tables ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok
Checking for user-defined encoding conversions ok
Checking for user-defined postfix operators ok
Creating dump of global objects ok
Creating dump of database schemas
ok
Checking for presence of required libraries ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for new cluster tablespace directories ok
If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb the
new cluster before continuing.
Performing Upgrade
------------------
Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok
Freezing all rows in the new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_xact ok
Copying old pg_xact to new server ok
Setting oldest XID for new cluster ok
Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok
Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members ok
Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server ok
Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok
Resetting WAL archives ok
Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok
Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok
Restoring database schemas in the new cluster
ok
Copying user relation files
ok
Setting next OID for new cluster ok
Sync data directory to disk ok
Creating script to delete old cluster ok
Checking for extension updates notice
Your installation contains extensions that should be updated
with the ALTER EXTENSION command. The file
update_extensions.sql
when executed by psql by the database superuser will update
these extensions.
Upgrade Complete
----------------
Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade.
Once you start the new server, consider running:
/usr/pgsql-14/bin/vacuumdb -U postgres --all --analyze-in-stages
Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:
./delete_old_cluster.sh
7. Start PostgreSQL 14 cluster
[root@ol8 ~]# systemctl start postgresql-14.service
[root@ol8 ~]# systemctl status postgresql-14.service
● postgresql-14.service - PostgreSQL 14 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-14.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-23 14:41:05 +08; 6s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/static/
Process: 62779 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 62787 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 48578)
Memory: 17.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-14.service
├─62787 /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/
├─62788 postgres: logger
├─62790 postgres: checkpointer
├─62791 postgres: background writer
├─62792 postgres: walwriter
├─62793 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─62794 postgres: stats collector
└─62795 postgres: logical replication launcher
Oct 23 14:41:05 ol8.lab.net systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 14 database server...
Oct 23 14:41:05 ol8.lab.net postmaster[62787]: 2021-10-23 14:41:05.238 +08 [62787] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Oct 23 14:41:05 ol8.lab.net postmaster[62787]: 2021-10-23 14:41:05.238 +08 [62787] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Oct 23 14:41:05 ol8.lab.net systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 14 database server.
8. Upgrade the extension
[postgres@ol8 ~]$ cat update_extensions.sql
\connect test
ALTER EXTENSION "pageinspect" UPDATE;
[postgres@ol8 ~]$ psql -U postgres
psql (14.0)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \i update_extensions.sql
You are now connected to database "test" as user "postgres".
ALTER EXTENSION
test=#
9. Update optimiser statistics
[postgres@ol8 ~]$ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/vacuumdb -U postgres --all --analyze-in-stages
vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "test": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "test": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "test": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
10. Clean up
# yum remove postgresql13-13.4-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 postgresql13-contrib-13.4-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 postgresql13-libs-13.4-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 postgresql13-server-13.4-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64
# rm -rf '/var/lib/pgsql/13/data'
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